Beside the temple was the war column ( columna bellica), which represented non-Roman territory. Since the area of the temple was outside the pomerium, the Senate met there with ambassadors and received victorious generals prior to their triumphs. Ambassadors from foreign states, who were not allowed to enter the city proper, stayed in this complex. The Roman Campus Martius area, in which Bellona’s temple was situated, had extraterritorial status. In consequence of this practice, which approximated to the rites dedicated to Cybele in Asia Minor, both Enyo and Bellona became identified with her Cappadocian aspect, Ma. These rites took place on 24 March, called the day of blood ( dies sanguinis), after the ceremony. Her festival was celebrated on 3 June, and her priests were known as Bellonarii and used to wound their own arms or legs as a blood sacrifice to her. Appius Claudius hung the shields and dedicated them to his family. This temple was the first location to have decorative shields dedicated to mortals hung in a holy place. Her temple in Rome was dedicated in 296 BCE near the Circus Flaminius by Appius Claudius Caecus, during the war with the Etruscans and Samnites. According to linguist Michiel de Vaan, the use of *duenelo- "in the context of war ( bella acta, bella gesta) could be understood as a euphemism, ultimately yielding a meaning 'action of valour, war' for the noun bellum." Cult, beliefs, and temples īellona was originally an ancient Sabine goddess of war identified with Nerio, the consort of the war god Mars, and later with the Greek war goddess Enyo. Linguist Georges-Jean Pinault has proposed a derivation from *duenelo- ('quite good, quite brave'), a reconstructed diminutive of the word duenos, attested on an eponymous inscription as an early Old Latin antecedent of the word bonus ('good'). The etymology of duellum remains obscure. The name of the goddess of war Bellōna stems from an earlier Duellona, itself a derivative of Old Latin duellum ('war, warfare'), which likewise turned into bellum in Classical Latin.
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